Showing posts with label royal armoured corps. Show all posts
Showing posts with label royal armoured corps. Show all posts

Saturday, March 4, 2017

Army 2020 Refine detailed


“Rationalisations”

HQ 102 Logistic Brigade, 32nd Regiment Royal Artillery, 35 Engineer Regiment, Headquarters 64 Works Group Royal Engineers, 2 Medical Regiment, Headquarters 4th Regiment Royal Military Police, 33 Field Hospital and 104,105 and 106 Battalions of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers reserve will be rationalised, with all manpower in those units being redeployed to other areas of the Army.


Armoured Infantry Brigades

The armoured brigades of Army 2020 Refine will be 20th and 12th Brigades. 1st Brigade will convert into a Strike Brigade.
The armoured brigades will have two armoured infantry battalions and a tank regiment each. The transfer of Ajax into the Strike Brigades apparently leaves the armoured infantry brigades without a cavalry element, with an obvious negative impact on the overall capability of the formations.
The loss of a tank regiment (King’s Royal Hussars, to convert into a “Medium Armour” regiment mounted on Ajax) is also a particularly negative development.
To this day it is not clear whether anything will be done to expand the surviving tank regiments and/or remedy somewhat to the loss of organic recce cavalry.
The heavy brigades of the French army do not have a dedicate cavalry regiment for reconnaissance, but they have two tank regiments and each formation includes a couple of 117-strong reconnaissance squadrons. The British Army might or might not attempt a similar mitigation of the problem.

The MOD says that the Challenger 2 LEP programme has a 700 million budget, which is, depending from where you look at it, both small and gigantic, since on the other side of the Channel, France is paying a third of that sum for a very substantial update to as many as 225 Leclerc. The extent of LEP modifications isn’t clear yet, and the MOD is of course not saying how many tanks will be life extended. Army 2020 downsized the active fleet to 227, and a further shrinkage seems assured.

At the same time, the Army is giving vague hopes by dropping messages such as:

“The Army has conducted initial planning to understand how a further armoured or medium armoured regiment (equipped with Challenger 2 or Ajax) may be generated from both the Regular and Reserve component. This work will inform the final decision on the future Challenger 2 Life Extension Project fleet size.”

A number that has circulated is 160 to 170 tanks retained, one of the smallest fleets in the world. As for the LEP, although everyone knows that the rifled gun and the powerpack are big weaknesses, there are currently little hopes to see big changes.



Strike Brigades

The Strike Brigades will be 1st Brigade, converted from the armoured role, and a "new" brigade. 
This year will see the Scots Guards and the Household Cavalry move into a "Strike Experimentation Group. In 2019 they will be joined by King's Royal Hussars and 4 SCOTS, and at that point the Group will become a brigade, picking a badge. To me, 4th Infantry Brigade, being based in Catterick, continues to seem the best positioned candidate, but it seems the deal is not quite sealed. 
The planned structure of the two brigades is as follows: 






Specialised Infantry Group

The newly formed Specialised Infantry Group will take command of 4 RIFLES and 1 SCOTS in April this year, to achieve an IOC hopefully by the autumn. The Specialised Infantry Battalions are expected to take a permanent regional focus. 4 RIFLES has been assigned to the Middle East.
1 SCOTS will move from Belfast to Aldershot in 2019, to be co-located with the Specialised Infantry Group and its other constituent units.
There is uncertainty still about how large these “specialized” infantry units will be in the end, with figures having given as 200, 270 or 300. There is much still to do to actually build these units and their very peculiar role.

In 2019, two more battalions will join the group: 2nd Battalion The Princess of Wales’s Royal Regiment (currently Light Role) and 2nd Battalion The Duke of Lancaster’s Regiment (currently Light Role). The requirement for a fifth battalion hasn’t yet been ruled out.


Royal Armoured Corps

The Queen’s Royal Hussars and the Royal Tank Regiment will continue to employ Challenger 2. As said before, there is no telling at the moment if they will see any expansion to compensate somewhat for the loss of a tank regiment and the absence of dedicate recce cavalry in the armoured brigades.

The King’s Royal Hussars will convert from Challenger 2 to Ajax during 2019 and are now expected to be the first operational formation on the new vehicle. Their new role will be “Medium Armour”, which the MOD describes by saying that “specific tasks are expected to be similar to those conducted by Challenger 2, albeit against a different threat”. They’ll have, in other words, to play tanks with Scout vehicles.
This is one of the most extraordinary blunders of all times in British Army history, and a spectacular example of utter confusion on the future of the force, because a specific “Medium Armour” variant of FRES SV, then Scout, then Ajax, used to exist. It was part of the requirement, and the base hull was specifically given a very wide turret ring to support a variant armed with large guns, up to 120mm smoothbore.

The Medium Armour Segment was however sacrificed to pursue a large purchase of vehicles in Recce configuration and Recce support only. The contract was signed in September 2014, and the vehicles aren’t even in production yet, but already the army has managed to completely change the requirement that shaped said contract, and now the Scout will be rammed into a completely different role, for which it is ill suited. That the Army could, from within, mess up its biggest contract in decades in about two years is the demonstration that not all problems in the UK armed forces are due to politicians. The services sure know how to create chaos in their own plans.

Four, rather than three, regiments will be mounted on Ajax: Household Cavalry, King’s Royal Hussars, Royal Lancers and Royal Dragoon Guards. Two regiments will be tasked with reconnaissance, and two with “Medium Armour”. One between RL and RDG will join KRH in the Medium Armour role.

In theory, with Ajax not having entered production yet, as I said, it would be possible to procure a true medium armour variant, which General Dynamics is offering to the US Army for their Mobile Protected Firepower requirement. However, there is no sign of willingness on the MOD part to try and renegotiate the contracts and change the number of variants. In addition, 245 CTA 40mm guns have already been ordered for the Ajax programme.
In the land of dreams, a part of those guns would be directed to a turreted MIV variant and a part of the Ajax vehicles would get the 120mm smoothbore, but in the land of harsh reality MIV will have nothing more than a Protector RWS and Ajax will be a Scout out of role.

FRES SV when it was a much larger programme. In 2013 it became evident that the Medium Armour and Manoeuvre Support segments had been abandoned, as well as Recce Block 3. Recce Block 1 and Block 2 were then merged together, and a Ground Based Surveillance sub-variant of Ajax added, to be purchased in very little numbers in the September 2014 contract. To this day it is not clear what kind of sensors the GBS will come equipped with. Curiously, both the GBS and Joint Fires sub-variants, once expected to be variant of the turretless APC variant (now known as ARES), are now sub-variants of the turreted Ajax.  
General Dynamics, and maybe the Army itself, continued for a while to hope that bridgelaying, ambulance and direct fire / Medium Armour variants of Ajax would one day follow.

General Dynamics is now capitalizing on work done initially for the British Army to propose the Griffin, a medium tank with 120mm gun, on Ajax hull base, for the US Army's Mobile Protected Firepower requirement. 

Nothing has emerged about the remaining regiments, currently in the Light Cavalry role with Jackal: Royal Scots Dragoon Guards; The Queen’s Dragoon Guards and the Light Dragoons. They will probably stay more or less as they are, lost in those six highly questionable, support-less  infantry brigades that will be part of 1st Division. However, there have been reports in the past of CBRN returning from the RAF Regiment entirely to the green army, while the future of the Protected Mobility fleets (from Foxhound to Mastiff) is still up in the air. Among possible outcomes, it cannot be ruled out that one regiment becomes a "protected mobility provider", driving Foxhounds and Ridgback and Mastiff in order to provide lift, mobility and protection to supported infantry formations. 


Infantry

The introduction of the Specialised Infantry capability will be accompanied by a restructuring of the infantry divisional structure, within which infantry regiments are administered, from seven to six divisions. The Scottish and The Prince of Wales’s Administrative Divisions of Infantry will merge, incorporating The Royal Regiment of Scotland, The Royal Welsh Regiment and The Royal Irish Regiment. This administrative division will be called The Scottish, Welsh and Irish Division. The Mercian Regiment from the Prince of Wales’s Division will join with the King’s Division. Army administrative divisions of infantry are the groupings within which the Army manages its infantry soldiers and officers to give them the necessary broad spread of relevant career experience from across a number of different units and activities. They have no operational role. There will be no changes to the names or regimental construct of The Royal Regiment of Scotland, The Mercian Regiment, The Royal Welsh Regiment, or The Royal Irish Regiment as a result of these administrative changes. 

1st Battalion, The Yorkshire Regiment) will re-role from Warrior-equipped Armoured Infantry to become a Mechanised Infantry Vehicle (MIV)-equipped battalion. The change is expected to happen in 2020 and will also see the relocation of the battalion from Warminster to Catterick.

1st Battalion, The Princess of Wales’s Royal Regiment will re-role from Warrior-equipped Armoured Infantry to become a Light Role infantry battalion.

The MOD says that: “A2020 Refine force structure will have sufficient Warrior platforms to field two armoured infantry brigades each containing, amongst other capabilities, two armoured infantry battalions. Should the Army require additional personnel capable of operating Warrior, they would be trained as individual battle casualty replacements to be employed within these battalions and might initially be drawn from their paired Reserve battalions.

At the same time, the MOD refuses to provide numbers for the Warrior Capability Sustainment Programme. 245 guns have been ordered for it, and 245 IFV and IFV-command variants are more or less what is needed to support the four battalions planned, plus a margin for training and support.
The remaining uncertainty is almost certainly not on the number of “turreted variants”, but on the number of the supporting variants: Repair, Recovery, Artillery Observation Post, and, hopefully, Armoured Battlegroup Support Vehicle.
The Warrior CSP programme is part of a wider “Armoured Infantry 2026” programme, which should modernize the capability as a whole. Clearly, the replacement of the FV432 in its sub-variants (command and communications, APC, mortar carrier, ambulance) is necessary but the status of this workstream, as always, is mysterious. The Army has allocated designations for an APC and an Ambulance variant of the Warrior, however; the FV525 and FV526, in a confirmation of what, for well over 12 years, has been the general direction of travel for the Armoured Battlegroup Support Vehicle. Turretless conversions of surplus Warrior hulls, in addition to the supporting variants of Ajax (Athena and Argus, mostly), should eventually replace FV432 and CRV(T) vehicles (Spartan, Sultan, Samaritan).
Considerable uncertainty surrounds the FV514 variant as well, the Artillery Observation Post. The Royal Artillery wants to transform the vehicle in a modern Joint Fires direction platform able to direct mortar, artillery and air attacks, and was experimenting for a suitable mission kit already back in 2010 and before. Funding and timelines, however, were up in the air: the Royal Artillery needs to find the money for its own specific upgrades and additions, and hopefully have them included in the final manufacture contract.
Warrior CSP and ABSV are key elements of the future armoured infantry brigade, which will only work if the programme is brought to a satisfactory conclusion.

FV510 Warrior Section Vehicle ----- FV520 after CSP
FV511 Warrior Infantry command  ----- FV521
FV512 Warrior Repair   ------ FV522
FV513 Warrior Recovery   ------- FV523
FV514 Warrior Artillery Observation Post  ------ FV524
FV515 Warrior Battery Command Post  ------ no longer employed
Conversion of surplus hulls  ------  FV525 Warrior Ambulance
Conversion of surprlus hulls ------ FV526  Warrior APC (and sub-variants such as mortar carrier)

245 between FV520 and FV521 are expected. The FV514 has the turret as well, but the gun is a dummy. 
Warrior bridgelayer. It is tracked, but so is Ajax: can it be the Strike Brigade's close support gap crossing capability? FRES once called for several medium weight bridgelayers.  
From FV514 to FV524. One of the most complex and uncertain elements of Armoured Infantry 2026. But the ability to direct supporting fires from under armor is absolutely crucial. 

Light Protected Mobility battalions seem to entirely vanish from the ORBAT, reverting to Light Role infantry. The future role and employment of Foxhound has yet to be determined.  

Light Role battalions will rebuild the 3 rifle platoons they lost in the original Army 2020, thanks largely to manpower released with the creation of the tiny Specialised Infantry Battalions. The establishment for Light Role battalions grows from 561 (580 for those currently on Foxhound) to around 630.

In connection to the “Better Defence Estate” review, a good number of battalions will have to move to new bases over the next decade and beyond.


Royal Engineers

Royal Engineers are working on their own restructuring plan for Army 2020. What is already decided is that 35 Engineer Regiment, on return from Germany, will re-role to EOD & Search. As part of the process it will lose 29 Sqn, re-subordinated to 21 Engineer Regiment; and 37 Squadron, which will go to 32 Engineer Regiment. This will bring the future Strike Brigade engineer regiments up to strength. Currently, as part of the earlier Army 2020, both 21 and 32 are severely understrength, missing a whole regular sub-unit, although they control a reserve squadron each. 
At the moment they are under control of 12 Force Support Engineer Group, but they continue to support the brigades in the Adaptable Force.

The enlarged EOD & Search group will be reorganized, but details are still being worked out. However, the hybrid Regular – Reserve regiments created by the original Army 2020 plan are already coming to an end. The four reserve squadrons (217, 221, 350, 579) will re-subordinate under a newly formed Reserve regiment HQ, which will take the already existing 101 Regt title.
35 Engineer Regiment will take the place of the current 101 and will apparently be composed of regulars, not reserves as it initially appeared from the announcement made by the secretary of state for defence. At the moment, the EOD regiments are structured as follows:

33 EOD & Search Regiment

-       58 Field Sqn
-       821 Sqn (Very High Readiness, contains two PARA and two Commando elements that support 16 Air Assault and 3 Commando Brigades)
-       217 Sqn (R)
-       350 Sqn (R)

101 EOD & Search Regiment

-       22 Sp Sqn
-       17 Field Sqn
-       21 Field Sqn
-       221 Field Sqn (R)
-       579 Field Sqn (R)

29 EOD & Search Group as of now. 35 Regiment coming in and all reserve EOD going into a new 101 (Reserve) Regt. 

The transfer of the Reserve squadrons will, I assume, be compensated by increasing the regular component. 35 Regiment currently includes, in addition to the already mentioned squadrons headed for re-subordination, 44 HQ & Sp Sqn and 77 Armoured Engineer Squadrons, and their fate hasn’t yet been detailed: they might convert to an EOD role.
While waiting for details to emerge, my comment to this restructuring is that the Strike Brigades, if they are to be anywhere near as independent and highly mobile as Carter seems to expect, will need greater availability of crucial Route Proving and Clearance capabilities, because mines and EODs are not going away.

This EOD restructuring might be connected to this need. If this is the case, 20 Squadron, currently part of 36 Engineer Regiment, Force Support, and in charge of the TALISMAN equipment and Route Proving & Clearance know-how, might be involved in the reshuffle. If it depended on me, I would want a TALISMAN squadron for each Strike Brigade.




Growth is expected in Wide Wet Gap Crossing, which might be a way to say that some regulars will get back in the M3 rig business, after it was offloaded to 75 Engineer Regiment (Reserve) in the earlier version of Army 2020. Another effect of the "return to East Europe"?
Again, no details have been released yet.

Another requirement that the Strike Brigades re-introduce is one that was once part of FRES: the need for a medium weight close support gap crossing capability. TITAN is tracked and Challenger-sized, so is obviously not an option, while REBS and ABLE are too vulnerable on their current truck bases. Will a MIV, Ajax or perhaps Warrior-based bridgelayer emerge? The Warrior bridgelayer has already been demonstrated to the army, but did not receive funding. This is one of the areas in which 21 and 32 Engineer regiment will have to try and find solutions.

Works Groups will also face yet a new reorganization as HQ 64 Works Group disbands.

170 Engineer Group, the changes it was undergoing as part of Army 2020. Now it will have to reorganize again as 64 Works Group disbands and Better Defence Estate measures hit home. 

Royal Engineer Reserve units will be realigned to better support the new structure and new aims. An unknown number of reserve squadrons will be aligned, for the first time, with the Heavy Armour regiments. At the moment, however, the Royal Engineers have very little in the way of reserve field squadrons: 131 supporting the Commando regiment; 299 supporting the PARA regiment; 103 and 106 in the Field Army. 71 Engineer Regiment is part of Force Supports (Air) and 75 Regiment is currently in the Wide Wet Gap Crossing and Land Force support role, so there aren’t many squadrons to re-role or move around unless new ones are formed or the reserve regiments get re-focused.


Royal Artillery

The Royal Artillery of Army 2020 Refine will have:

2 “Heavy” Close Support regiments on AS90: 1 Royal Horse Artillery and 19 Royal Artillery. Their structure is planned as follows:

- HQ Battery
- 3x AS90 batteries of six guns; 3 Fire Support Teams and 1 Tactical Air Control Party. Each FST will include 1 JTAC.

The current Tac Group batteries will be re-absorbed and the manpower used elsewhere.
1 Royal Horse Artillery will leave Tidworth for Larkhill in the Easter period of 2019.


2 “STRIKE” Close Support regiments, initially with L118 and then with a future Medium Wheeled Gun. 3 Royal Horse Artillery and 4 Royal Artillery. Their structure includes:

-       HQ Battery
-       2x Gun batteries of six guns; 3 Fire Support Teams with 2 JTAC each; and 1 TACP.
-       3x Tac Group Batteries with 3 FSTs each, including 2 JTACs each, and 1 TACP

The Reserve gunners in support will be expected to man a third battery of six guns and an expanded echelon during operations. Probably each regular regiment will continue to be paired to a reserve regiment (103. 105, 104).

4 Royal Artillery will joint 3 RHA in Newcastle during 2026.


1 “Division Fires” regiment, obtained by removing AS90 from 26 Royal Artillery in exchange for a re-centralization of GMLRS and Exactor. 26 Regiment will have 3 batteries of GMLRS each, plus two Exactor batteries. This replaces the earlier Army 2020 de-centralization that had attached one Precision Fires battery of GMLRS and Exactor to each of 19 RA, 26 RA and 1 RHA regiments. I assume the regiment will employ 18 GMLRS in batteries of 6.
The regiment will be paired with 101 RA, in the Reserve, also on GMLRS, but with a smaller manpower count than currently. The structure should remain on HQ plus four batteries, however.
26 Royal Artillery will arrive in Larkhill from Gutersloh during 2019.


32 Royal Artillery will have 1 HQ Battery and 4 Batteries of Desert Hawk III mini UAS, but, and it was one of the most surprising decisions of Army 2020 Refine for me, the regiment has no future beyond 2021, the expected Out of Service Date for DH III. There will no longer be a dedicate UAS regiment, and currently the plans for the replacement of DH III in the Find role at Battlegroup and Brigade level are completely up in the air.
The current infrastructure used by 32 RA will be taken over by 5 Royal Artillery, which will so be able to move out of Catterick in favor of Larkhill.
It seems unthinkable that in 2021 the Army will want to be without a mini-UAS for battlegroup level FIND functions. The Royal Marines were trying to kick start a Desert Hawk III replacement already last year, and while that failed to progress due to lack of money, new attempts can be expected as time progresses. 
Could the mini-UAS mission end up in the Cavalry, as part of reconnaissance tasking? 

47 Royal Artillery will continue its Watchkeeper build-up to deliver 1 HQ Battery and 4 UAV batteries.

5 Royal Artillery will deliver an HQ Battery, a “General Support” Surveillance and Target Acquisition bty, 3 Close Support STA batteries and 4/73 Sphinx special observation post battery. This is more or less today’s composition, but one battery today (53 Louisburg Bty) is aligned with 16 Air Assault brigade, while Refine seems to do away with that in favor of a “Divisional” approach with a battery in the General Service role.
The Honorable Artillery Company, in the reserve, will provide support with three surveillance squadrons and it will also continue to provide an Air Assault gun group in support of 7 Royal Horse Artillery.

7 Royal Horse Artillery and 29 Commando are not formally touched by Army 2020 Refine and remain “unchanged”. In reality, the structure of the latter is under pressure and the loss of an artillery battery cannot be ruled out, amid uncertainty that lasts since the SDSR 2010. 29 Commando is also in search of a new base as part of the Better Defence Estate review, that decided to sell their current home but hasn’t yet shaped an actual plan for providing new infrastructure.

Bittersweet news come from the air defence regiments: 12 Regiment and 16 Regiment will return to be fully independent and deployable regiments by splitting the currently shared Support Battery (42 Alem Hamza Bty). However, one Stormer HVM battery in 12 Regiment will convert to LML.
12 Regiment will have 2 Stormer HVM batteries, one for each armoured brigade, and 3 LML batteries, presumably one for each Strike Brigade plus 12 Bty in the Air Assault role that it already covers in support of 16 AA Brigade.

16 Regiment will have 1 HQ Bty, 49 Inkerman Bty with LEAPP and 4 batteries with Rapier (then Land Ceptor) and the new Sky Sabre air defence C4Inode.

The precise role and composition of 106 Royal Artillery, the reserve Air Defence regiment, has yet to be determined.


Royal Logistic Corps and REME

The Strike Brigades will, for whatever reason, be supported by a "super" CSS regiment formed by merging one RLC and one REME battalions.
One such regiment will be formed by 2 REME and 27 RLC. 2 REME will become part of a regiment in combination with 27 RLC in 2021, but it'll be 2030 before the REME element leaves Leuchars to join the rest of the unit in Catterick.

The other CSS regiment will be born out of 1 RLC and 1 REME. The ministerial statements names both units as parts of the 1st Strike Brigade but fails to mention the merging.

The merging of RLC and REME does not seem to extend to the rest of the Army. Support to the armoured brigades seem set to stay "in traditional format".
7 RLC and 6 RLC will transit into 101 Logistic Brigade, presumably to become Force Support elements for 3rd UK Division:
7 Regt RLC will remain in Cottesmore until 2029, when it is due to move to Topcliffe. The Regt will come under command of 101 Log Bde in 2019. The detailed structure and role are still being worked on.

6 Regt RLC will also come under command of 101 Log Bde in 2019. The Regt will remain in Dishforth until 2030 when it will move to Topcliffe along with 7 Regt RLC.

I've seen suggestions that 9 RLC will move to 104 Logistic Brigade instead, but i have no way to confirm this as of now. Much has yet to be announced.


Army Reserve

According to MOD written evidence, changes to reservist roles include the following:

- Reserves will be paired for the first time with the Armoured Infantry (Warrior)
- Reserves will be paired for the first time with the Armoured Artillery (AS90)
- Reserves will re-role to support the Armoured Engineers.
- The Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers will re-role to form an Off Platform Repair Battalion. This will provide essential capability to the Army and will be vital for the deployment of the Division.
- Removing Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) from the Reserve Artillery and re-rolling 104 Regt RA to light gun.

The new Reserve organization has yet to be announced in full, but 7 RIFLES has been paired with 5 RIFLES, which is an Armoured Infantry battalion. 
5 FUSILIERS is being paired with its parent battalion, 1st FUSILIERS, also in the Armoured Infantry role. 

Other pairing changes are to be expected. The artillery regiment to pair with the AS90 formations has yet to be chosen.

The infantry component of the Reserve undergoes the changes detailed below: 



The Royal Wessex Yeomanry, the reserve tank regiment, is being expanded with an extra crew in each tank troop and has seen its role expanded: it now supplies both Armoured Reinforcements and Armoured Replacements.
105 Battalion REME will change its name to 101 Theatre Support Battalion in 2019 (the name 105 will cease to be used, as will 104 and 106). It’s new role will be to support 5 Theatre Support Battalion REME in the regeneration of theatre-level equipment during a time of war.

It will consist of Bn HQ and four sub-unit locations as follows:

· HQ 101 Bn REME will be in KEYNSHAM
· Sub unit 1: BRIDGEND & GLOUCESTER
· Sub-unit 2: SWINDON & BRISTOL
· Sub-unit 3: LIVERPOOL & BELFAST
· Sub-unit 4: TELFORD & WEST BROMWICH



Thursday, July 5, 2012

Army announcement: not all questions get an answer - UPDATE

The Army is to be reduced by 23 Regular units to meet the manpower and budget targets for the future. The changes are due to be implemented by 2015, with the overall mandate to reach the capacity of 82,000 for the Regular Army and 30,000 for the Reserves by 2018, meaning that the whole reduction process was speeded up even further since the reduction to 82.000 was first announced in July last year.

The announcement came today in the House of Commons by Secretary of State for Defence the Rt Hon Philip Hammond MP after months of work by the Army to create a modern force for the challenges of 2020 and beyond. The force structure is the brainchild of the Army 2020 team, leaded by General Nick Carter.


The complete list of the victims of the Army reform which will deliver Army 2020, as for today's long awaited announcement, is as follows:

Household Cavalry and Royal Armoured Corps
• The Queens Royal Lancers will amalgamate with 9th/12th Royal Lancers (Prince of Wales's) upon completion of scheduled operational commitments and not before October 2014.
• The 1st Royal Tank Regiment and the 2nd Royal Tank Regiment will merge upon completion of scheduled operational commitments and not before April 2014.

Royal Regiment of Artillery
• 39 Regiment Royal Artillery and 40 Regiment Royal Artillery will both be removed from the ORBAT by October 2015.

Corps of the Royal Engineer
• 24 Commando Engineer Regiment will be removed from the ORBAT not before April 2013.
• 25 Engineer Regiment and 28 Engineer Regiment will be removed from the ORBAT not before October 2015.
• 38 Engineer Regiment will be removed from the ORBAT.
• 67 Works Group will also be removed from the ORBAT not before April 2015.

Royal Corps of Signals
• 7th Signal Regiment (Allied Rapid Reaction Corps) is to be removed from the ORBAT.

Infantry
• 5th Battalion the Royal Regiment of Scotland (The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders,) will be reduced to form a Public Duties Incremental Company on completion of current task and not before August 2013.
• 2nd Battalion the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers will be removed from the ORBAT and absorbed into the rest of The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers upon completion of scheduled operational commitments in the autumn of 2014.
• The 2nd Battalion the Yorkshire Regiment (Green Howard's) will be removed from the ORBAT and absorbed into the rest of The Yorkshire Regiment on completion of their Cyprus tour and not before the Autumn of 2013.
• The 3rd Battalion the Mercian Regiment (Staffordshire) will be removed from the ORBAT and absorbed into the rest of The Mercian Regiment on completion of Op HERRICK 19 and not before October 2014.
• 2nd Battalion the Royal Welsh (The Royal Regiment of Wales) will be removed from the ORBAT and absorbed into the rest of The Royal Welsh Regiment not before Autumn 2013.
• 1st Battalion the Royal Irish Regiment will join the Prince of Wales’ Division.

Army Air Corps
• 1 Regiment Army Air Corps will merge with 9 Regiment Army Air Corps, bringing the Wildcat force under a single HQ based at Yeovilton not before October 2015.

Royal Logistic Corps (RLC)
• 1 Logistic Support Regiment will be removed from the ORBAT not before April 2015.
• 2 Logistic Support Regiment will be removed from the ORBAT not before October 2014.
• 23 Pioneer Regiment will be removed from the ORBAT not before October 2015.
• 8 Regiment, 19 Combat Service Support Battalion and 24 Regiment RLC will be removed from the ORBAT.

Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineer
• 101 Force Support Battalion will be removed from the Regular Army ORBAT not before Autumn 2015, and will transfer to the Reserve.

Royal Military Police unit
• 5 Regiment Royal Military Police is to be removed from the ORBAT as part of the drawdown from Germany. The three remaining Regiments will be re-organised.
• All SIB capabilities will be reorganised under one headquarters, while the Military Provost Service will be increased, and a specialist Support Operations group will be created.



There were a couple of surprises in the announcement: first of all, the loss of 39 Royal Artillery regiment. This is the only Regular regiment equiped with GMLRS, and it is the regiment introducing Fire Shadow into service. 
It is not clear at the moment if the loss of the Regiment implies the loss of GMLRS as well. Obviously, i hope it doesn't. The SDSR names GMLRS as a capability that would stay, so perhaps it will move entirely into 101 Regiment TA, which is the GMLRS reserve unit, or be maintained with some other kind of arrangement.  
Dispelling some of the fears about "shared support elements" for the Reaction brigades, both 29 Commando Royal Artillery and 7 Royal Horse Artillery are staying. 
The survival of

is also promising: perhaps, as i hoped, the RA will be able to stand up the 5 combined AS90/L118 regiments as planned. 

The UAV regiments (32 and 47) are staying, and both air defence units (12 and 16) are safe. We do not know the structure of any regiment, though, so there might be changes we are not yet aware of. Surely, all regiments will get smaller.

Weirdly, 14 Regiment (Training), is not named as part of the cuts, but does not appear in the Army 2020 Brochure. Mistake? 
Same situation for 11 Regiment Royal Signals, 5 and 25 Regiment RLC, the training formations, which again are not mentioned. 
What does it mean? Aren't the Training regiments worth reporting as part of the force...? 



The other surprise is the loss of the only Pioneer regiment of the Army, 23 RLC. Apparently, judging from Army documents, all 3 Logistic Brigade HQs could survive in a form or another, differently from what was announced in news reports. The document contains a graphic that specifically names 101 and 102 Brigades, but also shows a further 1-star Logistic formation, which i guess could be 104 Bde. This third "Logistic Support Brigade" is shown as having a secondary role as Regional HQ for the South of England area, giving it control over the variety of units which will be based there.
Differently from what i thought, however, a few parts of 104 Bde are going to be lost. I thought this would not happen, since 104 Brigade is unique in its nature, but 23 Pioneer is nonetheless being disbanded. 24 Movement Control and Postal & Courier Regt will also be lost. Evidently their capability was assessed deliverable under other means (contractors or reserves). The other two Logistic Brigades (101 and 102) will stay for sure, 101 supporting the Reaction Division and 102 supporting the Adaptable force, according to the Army document.  

17 Port and Maritime Regiment, thankfully, is safe. 
8 Regiment, a Transport regiment based in Germany, will disband. The loss of 19 CSS Battalion is no surprise, as it was the supporting unit of 19 Light Brigade, which is itself disbanded. 
1st and 2nd Logistic Support Regiments will be gone. 1st Regiment used to be the Divisional logistic element of 1st UK Division, but its role currently is direct support to briga of 1st and 3rd Division, even if their effective role is direct support to brigades. 2nd Regiment is the support element of 7th Armoured Brigade. 


The Army 2020 brochure gives the future regimental structure of the RLC as: 

1 Close Support Logistic Regiment [isn't 1st Regiment being cut?
2 Close Support Logistic Regiment [isn't 2nd Regiment being cut?]
6 Force Logistic Regiment
9 Force Logistic Regiment
10 Gurkha Logistic Regiment
12 Close Support Logistic Regiment
13 Air Assault Support Regiment
27 Theatre Logistic Regiment
7 Theatre Logistic Regiment 
29 Poastal and Courier Regiment 
17 Port and Maritime Regiment
11 EOD Regiment

The Army Brochure is good under many aspects, but i've located a problem: despite being in the list of units being cut, 1st and 2nd RLC regiments are also listed into the future regimental structure of the RLC for Army 2020.   
What is the right story?    


My interpretation is that the Close Support Logistic Regiments would go to the 3 Armored Brigades of Reaction. 13 Air Assault Support is obviously for 16AA brigade. 
While 101 and 102 Logistic brigades would each have 1 Theatre and 1 Force Logistic regiments. 
But we'd need to know what actually happens to 1st and 2nd regiments, obviously. 

Another little mystery is that there is no mention anywhere of the Commando Logistic Regiment. The Regiment is a Royal Marines formation, so it should be safe, but it is not clear if the RLC will continue to contribute to it. Probably, it will.  


The Engineers are losing 25 Regiment: no surprise, it had already been announced: it is being merged with 39 Regiment as both are in the Air Support role. I've extensively reported of this change in previous posts. 
No surprise is the loss of 38 Regiment either, as it was part of the disbanded 19 Light Brigade. 

The loss of 28 Regiment General Support is a whole different story. It is a large Germany-based regiment which includes the only Amphibious squadron of the Army, equipped with the M3 rigs, which have been mothballed until 2015. 
Like with the GMLRS case, my hope is that the loss of the regiment does not imply the loss of the one unique capability it offered. 

The Army is also divesting the 24 Commando Engineer Regiment, unfortunately. This regiment was stood up in 2008, with around 340 men, with the aim of expanding to over 500 by adding, in time, a second regular squadron. 
This squadron (56 Sqn) always remained only on paper, so the regiment effectively has only 54 HQ & Support Squadron, 59 Commando Engineer Squadron and the 131 Commando Squadron (Volunteers) from the TA. 
Now the Army will re-downgrade, down to the sole 59 Squadron plus 131(V) Commando Sqn.
My suggestion is for the Navy to make an effort in the next few years and take directly over the matter, funding the expansion to regiment itself and asking the RE only for help in the training aspect. Making the formation wholly Royal Marines owned, if not entirely Royal Marines manned, is the only way to have control over what is done to it. 

36 General Support Regiment is staying. Until 2015 it will be maily roled in EOD Search and Assurrance, but after that, hopefully, it will be able to be used as a "container" for specialist capabilities, namely Talisman and M3 rigs. It is what i've been proposing all along: retain a single General Support Regiment as centre of excellence for those particular capabilities that aren't used as often as the others, but that are invaluable when the moment comes. 

21, 22, 26, 32 and 35 Engineer Regiments are all staying as well, thankfully. No doubt they'll have to be restructured and made somewhat smaller, but keeping them all is an excellent news. The rule of the 5, as i prayed, is being respected in almost all fields, to enable future enduring operations. 

Safe are also 33 and 101 EOD regiments, 42 (Geographic) Regiment and 4 out of 5 regular Works Groups (62, 63, 64, 66). The 5th Group (65) is a Territorial Army unit, which i think will definitely stay. These specialized Works Groups are invaluable, providing great and much needed services, and it is great to see them safe. 


On the Royal Signals, i seem to be proven consistently right: all brigades will lose their Signal squadron, save for 16 Air Assault. The Army document in fact gives the composition of the force in Army 2020 as: 

1, 2, 3, 16, 21 Regiments (which will likely become Theatre Support regiments as i explained in my post yesterday) 

10, 14 (Electronic Warfare), 15 (Information Support), 22 and 30 Regiments

16° Air Assault HQ and Signal Squadron 

No reason to mention a specific brigade squadron if all other Sqns were staying. This is a cut by stealth. Units vanish, without it being announced.


The Regular component of the Medical Service are interesting: 

1, 2, 3 Armoured Medical Regiments - quite an easy guess what they are meant to do.
4, 5 Medical Regiments - These and the Field Hospitals will be in the Medical brigade along with reserve regiments, i think
16 Medical Regiment (16 Air Assault Brigade) 
22, 33, 34 Field Hospitals 
1st Military Working Dog Regiment, Royal Army Veterinary Corps


The Army Air Corps cut i've long been expecting and i've widely announced it in more than a post. With Wildcat numbers being so low, there was no way to stand up 5 Squadrons. As 1st and 9th Regiments are merged as 1 Regiment AAC, their combined 5 squadrons will become 3, probably. There will be just 30 Wildcat RECCE helicopters, and 6 will go to 847 Naval Air Service for Commando duties. That leaves 24 for the 1st AAC regiment, very few airframes to work with. 
The base at Dishfort will most likely be closed as the regiment relocated to Yeovilton, where Navy and Army will operate the Wildcat squadrons in close collaboration.


Before we take a look at the Army structure, let me say one thing: i'm immensely relieved by the look of things as announced. Even with the wrong note of the reduction of Engineer capability for 3rd Commando Brigade, and even with the fears for GMLRS and M3 capability, i can no doubt say that the relief is immense
I'm still full of worries because we don't know the details, the structures and capabilities of the regiments, but the picture is infinitely less scary than it appeared from the press reports. The cuts have been made with some real common sense, overall, at battalion/regiment level. 
Now we have to see what the cost was in terms of sizes and capability of each surviving formation, but retaining, for example, 5 artillery regiments plus specialist elements, 5 Engineer regiments plus specialist elements, is exactly what had to be done. I'm much relieved by the Army 2020 document, honestly. 



Army Structure for 2020 

The Army structure envisaged is surprisingly rational. It is well shown by this graphic: 


So, there will be 2 Divisions, the Reaction and the Adaptable divisions, each with their own 2-star HQ, both of which will apparently be deployable, at least to some degree. The newly created UK Support Command will also stay, and provide Command and Control for internal tasks and Homeland resilience. Each Division will have a Logistic Brigade in support, and deploying forces will "feed" from the centralized Force Troops to obtain the necessary support elements. In addition, there is Joint Helicopter Command (a 2-star HQ) and the Military Police, on three regiments grouped under a 1-star command.

We do not yet know the accurate make up of the brigades making up Force Troops, but i've given my idea for how they could be organized in yesterday's post, and i think i was substantially correct in my analysis.

Note the presence of a "Logistic Support" 1-star formation among the Force Troops: i think that, differently from what appeared in news reports, all 3 brigade commands in the RLC are staying. I think this one formation would be 104 Bde and would include 17 Regiment Port and Maritime.

The current Military Intelligence brigade has instead vanished, replaced by the "Intelligence and Surveillance" command, which in my opinion will bring together the 3 Intelligence Battalions and the UAV and STA regiments of the Royal Artillery.
1st Artillery Brigade will be modified, in my opinion, to contain the five surviving Fires regiments, plus the 2 air defence ones.

The Medical Brigade will in my opinion contain 4 and 5 Regiment (Regular), the regular Field Hospitals and the Reserve medical formations, while 1, 2, 3 and 16 Medical Regiments will stay attached directly to the Reaction Brigades.  

The Engineers regiments could all be centralized in the Engineer brigade, save for the regiment of 16 Air Assault Brigade and 59 Commando Squadron.

The Security Assistance Group is likely to be the new army branch for "upstream engagement" with foreign countries, and will be "feed" personnel and units from within the Adaptable brigades.


The Armored Brigades of the Reaction Division are very, very interesting.

The Armored Brigade will pack quite a punch
 
A new kind of Tank Regiment is adopted, the Type 56, which will have one Command and Recce Squadron (including two Challenger 2 and 8(?) Fres Scout vehicles) plus 3 Sabre Squadrons on 18 Challenger 2 tanks each.

The Recce Regiment will also have 3 Sabre squadrons, on FRES SV in the future, with each squadron having 16 vehicles. My gut feeling is that 12 of these vehicles will be Scouts, but 4 will be FRES SV Protected Mobility Vehicles carrying teams of 8 dismounts. We'll see if i'm right. Incorporating a number of APCs to increase the number of dismounts has been very common in Recce regiments in modern days, so i think i'm likely right.

The two Armoured Infantry Battalions will be roughly the same as today's ones, on three rifle companies, each with 14 vehicles plus the maneouvre support coy.

The third infantry battalion in the force is shown mounted on Mastiff, with the future vehicle for them indicated in the FRES UV, which was confirmed as part of the Core Budget and which will (hopefully) enter service in the middle 2020s. Here is the confirmation that Mastiff will stay post-Afghanistan.

As i expected, there is no organic artillery or engineer formation: these will be sourced from Force Troops prior to deployment.

There is no information on the structure of the various Infantry Brigades, and we don't know if 16 Air Assault will drop down to 3 battalions or if 5 SCOTS battalion will be replaced into the brigade by another one. In any case, there will be 2.5  to 2.7 regular infantry battalions for each of the 7 Infantry Brigades. Most brigades will end up with 3, and some with 2, i'm guessing.
An unspecified number of Light Cavalry regiments (mounted on Jackal vehicles) will be part of the Adaptable Division. There is 4 TA armour regiments that could provide the basis for such formations, and there is no indication of how the Army will use the 4th Regular Tank regiment and 4th Regular Recce Regiment. They might be re-roled as Light Cavalry, even if my expectation is that the 4th Tank Regiment will serve as Training and Demonstration regiment (perhaps with one squadron, as has been done so far with A Sqn, 1RTR) and Crew Replacement Unit (with the other two squadrons, allowing the TA formations currently in this role to assume new roles). This is, however, only my personal view.

We are shown, however, a promising example of Brigade-sized formation sourced from the Adaptable Division: this formation is shown with a Regular Light Cavalry regiment (on three Sabre Squadrons with 16 Jackals each) paired with an equal regiment of Reserves. 



Similarly, there are 2 Regular infantry battalions, augmented by 2 Reserve battalions. One Regular and one Reserve infantry battalions are shown mounted in Foxhound protected vehicles.  

The Reserve will lose a "small" number of units because of merges, re-roling and restructuring, as the TA's structure is reorganized and its trained strength increased to 30.000. A number of Regional Brigades HQs are also going to vanish, but details on this part of the Army restructuring will only arrive later on, along with the updated Basing plan.
For now, there is only a map showing the notional geographic distribution of the major commands of the Army.

To the left, the new map relative to Army 2020. To the right, a map of the current Regional Brigades.

Assuming that the Army will want to make the fewest possible changes to save time and money, we can assume that the Irish 38 Brigade will stay, along with 51st (Scotland), 160 (Wales), 42 (North West), 15 (North East), 49 (East). However, the Army might well decide to save the badges of the 2 current regular brigades that will be "lost" as the thick of the regular component is concentrated in the 3 armored formations.
The London Based Brigade [South brigade?] might be given a whole new identity as the current regional brigade HQs based in Southern England, (145, 43, 2) are disbanded//merged. 11 Brigade, which was also re-formed in recent years for a tour in Afghanistan, might be a possible identity, or one of the three regional badges going will be used instead.  
143 Regional Brigade HQ is also likely to go, judging from the map at least.  


In conclusion

We do not have all the answers yet. Arguably, some new questions have come up, such as "what about GMLRS?", but we do have an indication of what's being done, finally, and it luckily is not nearly as bad as it risked being.
The day of doom has, fortunately, been less terrible than feared. Even though, of course, it won't feel this way to a lot of personnel in the Army who found out that their unit will be disbanded. They have my understanding: it's a shame that this has to happen, and i regret each and every redundancy and disbandment to come. 

But at least, for the Army itself, the picture is not one of total gloom as feared. The structure is almost identical to what i painted yesterday in my article.
Now we need to get some more detail over the composition of the Artillery and Engineer regiments that remain, and know more about the Force Troops, to make ourselves a real idea. 

And of course, for it to really work, we need the Reserves boost plan to be successful. And this is probably the biggest challenge of the Army 2020 plan.



Reserves boost 

From Philip Hammond's written statement of today, 5 July 2011: 


To achieve the redesign of the Army required by Army 2020 will require us to expand the volunteer Army Reserve to 30,000 trained strength and better to integrate the Regular and Reserve components of the future Army. Army 2020 has defined the Army Reserves’ role and we are establishing more predictable scales of commitment in the event that Reserves are committed to enduring operations.

In the past, the Reserve was essentially designed to supplement the Regular Army; in future, the Reserve will be a vital part of an integrated Army. The principle of greater integration was established in the Commission’s report and, based on their findings, our concept for Army Reserves sees them ready and able to deploy routinely at sub-unit level and in some cases as formed units. They will be trained, equipped and supported accordingly. Officers and soldiers will have command opportunities which have not always been available in the recent past.

The process of reshaping the Reserves for their future role has already begun: we are recruiting Reserves now for all three Services. The Army has started overseas Reserve training exercises at company level (26 this year, and increasing in number significantly by 2015); we are putting in place routine partnered training of Army Reserve and Regular units, including for operational deployments.

More equipment is arriving in the form of modern support vehicles, the Wolf Land
Rover and Bowman radios. We plan that, over time, the personal equipment of Reservists will be on a par with that used by Regulars. The greater reliance on the Reserve envisaged in Future Force 2020, and the additional £1.8Bn over 10 years that we have committed to the Reserves, ensures that Reservists will receive the kit and the training they need.

But in exchange we expect them to commit to specific amounts of training time and, for the Army in most cases, to accept a liability for up to 6 months deployed service, plus pre-deployment training, in a five year period, dependent on operational demand. There will be opportunities for shorter periods of deployed service commitment for those in some specialist roles.

The Navy’s Maritime Reserves will expand to a trained strength of 3,100 to deliver a greater range and depth of capability, within its well established and integrated model, to provide individual augmentees to the Royal Navy and Royal Marines in specialist and generalist roles. Key areas of growth will be in a range of command and communication, intelligence and surveillance disciplines, including cyber, support to the Fleet Air Arm and the exploitation of niche capabilities in the role of maritime security. The aim is to build Maritime Reserves that are fully integrated and able to provide the Naval Service with a range of flexible manpower, including greater access to civilian skills. The expansion will be supported by an infrastructure programme to provide modern
and efficient training facilities.

The Royal Auxiliary Air Force (RAuxAF) provides resilience and strength in depth to the Royal Air Force contribution to Defence capability by providing individual augmentees to Regular Forces. It will grow to a trained strength of 1,800. The principal growth will be in the specialist areas of logistics, flight operations, medical, intelligence, media, RAF Police and cyber; individual augmentees will be trained to a sufficient standard to be fully integrated with the Regulars as part of the Whole Force Concept.

Five new Reserve Squadrons will be established:


No 502(Ulster) Squadron will form at JHC Station Aldergrove;


611(West Lancashire) Squadron will form in Liverpool;


614(West Glamorgan) Squadron will form in South Wales, most likely at RAF St Athan.

These squadrons will be general service support squadrons representing various trades and branches from within the RAF.

At RAF Brize Norton in Oxfordshire, 2624(County of Oxford) Squadron will re-form in the force protection role and 622 Squadron will stand-up as the Reserve unit for aircrew augmenting the RAF’s air mobility force.


The Regular Component of the RAF Regiment is expected to shrink by 2 Field Squadrons come 2015, leaving 6 squadrons plus the Defence CBRN Wing (26 and 27 Squadrons).

Is is the end of even the name "Territorial Army"? Army Reserve seems to be the new term. Let's just hope it can be made to work.


As additional information, in the last few months the Territorial Army has seen some of its units re-subordinated to major regular HQs, in particular:

4 PARA (V)
2 Royal Irish (V)

have been re-surbodinated to Joint Helicopter Command, and now are the (integrated) reserve element of 16 Air Assault brigade.
In exchange the brigade might not be given a replacement 4th maneuver battalion when 5 Scots is downgraded to Public Duty company. It is not yet evident.

Honourable Artillery Company
101 (V) Royal Artillery
104 (V) Royal Artillery
106 (V) Royal Artillery

have moved under Theatre Troops, the command now apparently due to re-name as Force Troops. The HAC provides reinforcement patrols to Sphynx battery, Special Observation Posts.
101 (V) is the GMLRS reserve regiment (2 batteries) and also has 2 Surveillance and Target Acquisition (STA) batteries for supplementing 5 Regiment RA.
104 (V) is a drone reserve battalion, if the plan does not change it will support 32 and 47 RA in their Watchkeeper role.
106 (V) is a reserve Air Defence formation on both Rapier and Starstreak.

Also under Theatre Troops moved:

151 RLC (V)
155 RLC (V)
159 RLC (V)
Scottish Transport Regiment

Some of these units might be re-assigned or even re-roled in the coming years, though, as the new Army Reserve structure is rolled out.