With the 1st and 2nd Royal Tank Regiments due to formally merge with a parade on August 2, the program to refurbish the Fuchs CBRN Area Reconnaissance vehicles is picking up momentum. The vehicles will be assigned to Falcon Sqn, The Royal Tank Regiment, which will stand up specifically for the CBRN Area Reconnaissance role. Falcon Sqn will start to assembly in Warminster and eventually take over Harlem lines barracks from what used to be A Sqn, Armoured Demonstration Squadron, 1st Royal Tank Regiment. The rest of the regiment will be based in Tidworth as a Type 56 tank formation comprising the armoured squadrons AJAX, BADGER and CYCLOPS, each with 18 Challenger 2 tanks, plus DREADNAUGHT as Command and Reconnaissance Squadron, and EGYPT as HQ Squadron.
Falcon squadron might also claw back the Multi-Purpose Decontamination System (MPDS) vehicles from the 20 Wing Defence CBRN, RAF Regiment, in a real U-turn away from the 2011 plan to disband the Joint CBRN regiment, withdraw the Fuchs from service and maintain a lighter CBRN capability in the RAF Regiment only.
A contract notice has been put up for the refurbishment and re-commissioning of the Fuchs training simulator. The contract also includes a Train-the-Trainer service and a 5-years support package.
Earlier contracts have been let out to purchase systems for the refurbishment of the 11 Fuchs themselves. A contract covering their reactivation, almost certainly going to be awarded to Rheinmetall, will follow.
Meanwhile, Army 2020 restructuring continues. Today, 1st and 12th Mechanized Brigades have formally changed their titles in Armoured Infantry Brigades as they work towards taking the shape mandated by Army 2020.
The King's Royal Hussars is the first tank regiment to assume the new Type 56 structure, and is preparing for taking up the tank battlegroup role within the Lead Armoured Battlegroup, with its turn at readiness beginning in October.
The 1st Royal Irish is instead undergoing a 9 months training and reset program to become the first fully operational Light Protected Mobility Infantry battalion.
Change in the Royal Engineers continues, as well. 25 Close Support Group, the sub-command inside 8th Engineer Brigade that will control the close support engineer regiments, will stand up on the 1st of August.
The 29 EOD & Search Group is also undergoing internal restructuring. After the stand-up of 821 EOD Sqn, which provides 2 Commando and 2 PARA EOD troops, 350 RE Sqn (Reserve), re-roled to EOD, came under the command of 33 Engineer Regiment (EOD).
33 Engineer Regiment (EOD) is particularly aligned with the Reaction Force, with 101 aligned primarily with the Adaptable Force. The responsibility for the provision of Search support to UK Military Aid to Civil Powers (MACP) has transferred to 11 EOD Regt RLC alongside the establishment of a total of 135 RE posts.
The EOD Group restructured to comply with Army 2020 plans has an IOC target set for April 2015, with FOC in 2019 with the structure shown in the table below.
Colored names denote Reserve unit.
170 Infrastructure Support is also restructuring:
170 Group before Army 2020: the grey units have been disbanded. Yellow is for Reserve
The current structure.
The final Army 2020 structure towards which the Group is working. In blue the heavy, specialized teams which are due to be grouped together under 66 Works Group.
75 Engineer Regiment (Reserve), the unit which is taking up the Wide Wet Gap Crossing capability from the disbanding 28 Regt, will re-subordinate to 12 (Force Support) Group on August 1st.
The diagram in full resolution showing the final Army 2020 Royal Engineers structure is available in my Army 2020 Pintrest gallery.
In the previous article, about Force Structure, i've noticed the apparent change in the plan for the formationg of Hybrid Engineer Regiments, and documented the ongoing war for the survival of 24 Commando Engineer Regiment.
Another bad decision of the rounds of cuts of the year 2011 might be reversed soon, according to what Colonel Commandant Royal Tank Regiment has written to the RTR community: the wide area, under-armor CBRN reconnaissance capability of the Army, sacrificed with the early withdrawal of the FUCHS vehicle and the net loss of 319 Army posts in the CBRN specialisation, as all residual capability in this area was moved out of the green army and into the RAF Regiment. In total, the loss of the 9 armored vehicles and of all the army personnel in the role was only estimate to save £129 million over a period of 10 years.
The Fuchs was hurried into service for Operation Granby in 1991
As often happened in the modern history of the british armed forces, a strategic shock came soon afterwards, reminding everyone of just how stupid the decision just took was. The crisis in Syria, with the use of chemical weapons, accelerated the rethink already going on within the MOD, and added new urgency to the restoration of the wide area CBRN surveillance capability. I talked about it at lenght in June.
Lieutenant-General Christopher Michael Deverell MBE wrote last month about the ongoing planning for the resurrection of such capability, while providing an update on the plans for the merging of 1st and 2nd Royal Tank Regiments into a single Type 56 tank formation as part of the Army 2020 restructuring:
A message from the Colonel Commandant Royal Tank Regiment
My
main purpose in writing this message is to cover a number of issues
that arise as a result of the amalgamation of our two Regiments. The RTR
Council has been looking at these issues, significantly assisted by
members of all ranks from both Regiments.
The
amalgamation issue that will affect serving members of the Regiment in
the most immediate way is dress. So I am pleased to be able to say that
the Commanding Officers and Regimental Colonel have agreed on the key
aspects of the new Dress Regulations to be adopted on amalgamation, the
details of which will be promulgated separately. Suffice to say that
black will continue to feature highly.
The
Council has determined that there are a number of amalgamation issues
on which it is not yet possible to reach decisions, in which the status
quo will therefore continue for the time being. For example, we have not
yet been engaged by the Army or the RAC in substantive discussions
about Recruiting Areas – so for the time being we would expect to
continue to recruit from the same areas of the country that 1 and 2 RTR
recruited from. In similar vein, we have not yet formed a view on the
distribution of tasks between Regimental Headquarters in Bovington, and
the new Regiment in Tidworth. I will report back on these, and other
important issues such as the future of the Tank magazine, and of the
Association, when I am in a position so to do. But I am now able to let
you know what the Council has decided on Squadron names, and on the
degree of Scottishness we should seek to maintain, topics that I know
will mean a good deal to many of you.
The
Council accepts that some of our antecedent Regiments have a tradition
of using letters, rather than names, to describe sub-units. However,
with the benefit of our considerable experience, and time served in both
Regiments, we believe that Squadron names strengthen sub-unit identity
in a positive way and that the ability to name our Squadrons offers the
Regiment a significant brand advantage over others. We conclude that the
advantages of using names, rather than letters, for all our sub-units
outweigh the loss of some historical precedent.
We have therefore
decided that, upon amalgamation, the three armoured squadrons in the
Royal Tank Regiment will be known as AJAX, BADGER, and CYCLOPS. Command
and Reconnaissance Squadron will be known as DREADNAUGHT, and
Headquarters Squadron will be known as EGYPT. Should there be a future
CBRN Area Surveillance and Reconnaissance (AS&R) Squadron, it will
be known as FALCON. These particular names have been chosen because they
represent a connection all the way back to the Heavy Branch of the
Machine Gun Corps in World War 1, as well as to more recent regimental
history. As
far as our Scottish heritage is concerned, the Council is proud of this
tradition and recognises the benefit it confers in helping us to
differentiate ourselves from others. We would not wish it to dominate,
but we see it as a net contributor to recruitment. For so long as it is
practicable so to do, we would wish to maintain this historical
association. We will achieve this by retaining the Pipes and Drums, by
painting ‘Chinese Eyes’ on our tanks, and by applying whatever other
aspects of Scottishness that the Commanding Officer of the day so
authorises. The practicality of this approach will next be reviewed
after the referendum on Scottish independence.
Finally,
I should take this opportunity to say something about the formation of
the CBRN AS&R squadron. As I write this message, there is a strong
possibility that the RTR will be invited to generate an additional
squadron to meet this task, over and above our Type 56 Armoured Regiment
role. But the Defence Board has not yet made a final decision, so the
task may yet fail to materialise, or (less likely) could be given to
some other unit to perform. I have been involved in a host of high
levels discussions about this task, both as your Colonel Commandant and
as a member of the Army Command Group. My position throughout has been
that the Army and Defence need an AS&R capability, that the RTR has
demonstrated the ability to provide it, and that we stand ready to do so
again. My one proviso has been to say that it would not be sensible to
double-hat this capability with that of an armoured sub-unit: it needs
to be a squadron in its own right. Hopefully, we will know the outcome
on this issue within the next few months.
Fear Naught.
Lt Gen C M Deverell MBE15 November 2013
Restoring the AS&R capability of the armed forces would be a massively welcome move, which would remedy to one of many very questionable, hurried decisions that were taken in 2010 and 2011. Let's hope in good news, for once.
Fuchs to resurrect? The Telegraph reports that, as part of a review into the Army's capability to deal with contingency scenarios (shaped, in this case, on Syria's situation), the defence chiefs have concluded that the early retirement of the armoured Chemical, Bacteriological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Reconnaissance Vehicles, the Fuchs, was a grave mistake. The MOD is now reportedly scrambling to find money from other voices of expenditure to re-direct on CBRN, to bring the Fuchs back out of storage and into an active role. If the Telegraph's information is correct, Rheinmetall's technicians have already been called in the UK to survey the storaged vehicles and overview their return to service. The 9 armored vehicles (from an original number of 11, gifted to the UK by Germany on the eve of the involvment in the first Gulf War) used to be operated by the soldiers of 1st Royal Tank Regiment as part of the Joint CBRN Regiment, formed by Army and RAF units.
The Fuchs CBRN wide area recon / survey vehicle
The Joint CBRN Regiment was terminated in 2011, however, with the early withdrawal from service of the Fuchs and the passage of the whole CBRN role to the sole RAF Regiment (even if a small number of army and navy personnel continues to be part of the team). The Joint CBRN Regiment, born from the Labour-led Strategic Defence Review of 1998/99, was based in RAF Honington and comprised 1st Royal Tank Regiment (minus A Squadron), elements of the Royal Yeomanry regiment (Territorial Army), 27 Field Squadron RAF Regiment and 2623 Sqn RAuxAF Regt. In December 2011, the Army moved out of the picture with the Regiment becoming the "Defence CBRN Wing", manned by the RAF Regiment. In the occasion, the Commandant General RAF Regt issued the following message to the Corps:
“On Tue 2 Aug 11, the Secretary of State for Defence agreed to the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) measure - subsumed by a PR11 Option - to delete the Joint Chemical Biological Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Regt and transfer all of Defence’s specialist CBRN capabilities to the RAF Regt.
The key implications of this decision will be as follows: there will be no impact upon those capabilities currently provided by the RAF Regt (26 and 27 Sqns RAF Regt and 2623 Sqn RAuxAF Regt, and the RAF will remain the Lead Service for CBRN); the wide area CBRN reconnaissance and survey capabilities, based upon the Fuchs armoured vehicle, will be gapped; all other capabilities currently provided by the Army element of the Jt CBRN Regt (the Multi Purpose Decontamination System, some of the Light Role Teams, and all command and control) will transfer to a wholly-RAF Regt manned Defence CBRN Wg, which will include 26 Sqn RAF Regt, 27 Sqn RAF Regt and 2623 Sqn RAuxAF Regt. Whilst there will be a modest increase to the RAF Regt establishment, there will be a net reduction of 319 Army posts in the current specialist CBRN Force. The total saving to Defence will be £129 million over 10 years. The Commander-in-Chief UK Land Forces informed 1 Royal Rank Regt (1RTR) personally yesterday of the decision to cease all Army involvement in specialist CBRN. No decisions have been made on the future of 1RTR; this will be considered as part of the wider requirement to restructure the Army in light of the recent outcome of the ‘3-Month Exercise’, and is wholly a matter for the Army. 1 RTR will remain at RAF Honington for at least the medium term, while the transfer of capabilities takes place and their future is decided.
This decision brings to a conclusion a protracted period of intensive, sometimes understandably impassioned debate over the future provision of specialist CBRN capabilities for Defence. Detailed planning for the implementation of the measure will now commence. This will be the responsibility of the AOC 2 Gp, on whose behalf I will develop plans for the appropriately timely transfer of operational command and control and operational capabilities, the continued delivery of which remains the Defence priority. This will be done in close cooperation with HQ Land (specifically, Director Royal Armoured Corps) to ensure that Army personnel matters are addressed positively and sensitively.
1RTR have made a quite extraordinary (and often largely unsung) contribution to Defence over the past 12 years. They have done so with all the exemplary professionalism and commitment typical of their proud heritage. It has truly been an honour to serve alongside them, and I know that all members of the RAF Regt will wish them every success in whatever the future may hold.
As for the RAF Regt, this decision will leave the Corps as the UK’s sole provider of specialist CBRN capabilities for Defence. Clearly, given the circumstances of the MOD’s preparedness to take risk against the deletion of the Fuchs capability in the context of a parlous financial climate, this is the right decision for Defence and it is not the time for inter-Service triumphalism. Be under no illusion that the responsibility placed upon the RAF Regt will be enormous and expectations will be high - we must deliver, and I know that we will, no matter what the challenges that lie ahead.”
The Defence CBRN Wing, which has taken over the number, nameplate and identity of 20 Wing, RAF Regiment, is composed by Wingg HQ, 26 Sqn RAF Regt, 27 Sqn RAF Regt, 2623 Sqn RAuxAF Regt, and a CBRN Operational Conversion Unit (OCU). The transfer of capability from the Army elements of the Regiment to the RAF includes the formation of 6 new RAF-manned Light Role CBRN Teams (in addition to 2 that the RAF element already provided), the transfer of the Decontamination capability (with the Multi Purpose Decontamination Systems) and of the specilistic CBRN Command & Control capability. The 8 Light Role Team (LRT) is a strategically mobile, easily deployed self-sufficient CBRN investigation team. It is composed by 8 men, assisted by a bespoke Pinzgauer 6x6 vehicle fully loaded with CBRN Detection, Identification, Monitoring and Analysis Equipment. The elements of kit retained to be used by the LRTs comprise both in service and Commercial Off The Shelf equipment, which can be dismounted and loaded onto other platforms. The team is self-sufficient for a period of 3 days, during which it can carry out up to three missions, each lasting up to 8 hours.
A Light Role Team showing off its kit
27 Squadron, Royal Air Force Regiment, holds the Integrated Biological Detection Systems (IBDS) platforms. The IBDS is a detection suite with atmospheric sampling equipment, a meteorological
station, chemical agent detection and cameras for 360° surveillance, all housed in a rugged 14 feet container meant for quick air deployability. It can be airlifted by aircrafts and helicopters and ground-dumped or installed on a 4x4 truck. The system is operated by a team of four and comes with its own independent power supply, GPS, NBC filtration and environmental control unit for operation in all climates.
The IBDS
Another fundamental piece of capability is the Multi-Purpose Decontamination System (MPDS), produced by Karcher. This is a high-pressure, high-temperature water/steam pump, installed on a water tank carried by a Leyland DROPS truck. It is used for the washing and decontamination of vehicles and has been upgraded with the installation of the Direct Application Decontamination System (DADS), which dispenses a decontaminant agent.
The small number of MPDS available brought to a UOR order on the eve of operation TELIC, with the purchase of the Bruhn Newtech/Cristinini Vehicle-Borne Decontamination Capability (VBDC). The system is actually a small, back-worn device that can be carried inside or outside a military vehicle and be employed by a single man to decontaminate the vehicle with the dispensing of BX24 (chlorine bleach)
decontaminant through a telescopic brush.
The Defence CBRN Wing also provides two SIBCRA teams: Sampling and Identification of Biological, Chemical and
Radiological Agents Military Sampling Team (SIBCRA MST) that are deployed globally to exploit CBRN
programme/event scenes, recovering evidence and intelligence to
approved analytical agencies in a safe & forensically-sound manner
in order to support national strategic decision-making. Notably, the SIBCRA team from 26 Squadron RAF Regiment was in recent times involved in the british deployment of a Radiation Monitoring Team to the damaged nuclear power plant of Fukushima, in Japan (Op PEDIGREE, March 2011).
The loss of the Fuchs, however, has severely reduced the capabilities of the CBRN force, so much so that a generalist "Detect and Warn" CRN capability, capable to operate on the line of fire, is to be provided by a suite of sensors installed on the FRES SV Scout.
The integration of such a CRN sensor suite on a non-specialized vehicle is a first, for the UK: it has not been done before on other vehicles.
Scout will have three Radiological detectors - two external and one internal,
that will have the ability to calculate the duration a crew will be able to
stay in a Radiological hazard area without causing long term illness from the accumulated
dose received. There will also be one internal and one external Chemical vapour
detector with the ability to detect Toxic Industrial Chemicals.
The sensor suite is meant to create a CBRN report that can be quickly sent up the command ladder thanks to the advanced communications suite of the Scout vehicle. The timely transmission of such reports is meant to cue the intervention of specialist CBRN vehicles and survey teams. The CRN detection capability of the FRES Scout is not a replacement for the specialist kit found in the CBRN force, nor an appropriate replacement for the Fuchs's capability, but it will of course better protect the soldiers on the frontline and enable a faster response.
The crucial fact remains the gap in capability caused by the retirement of the Fuchs. The highly mobile, armored wide area reconnaissance and survey capability is gone, and the MOD has been well aware of the gap, from the very start.
Well before the Telegraph's article was written, i first heard of internal reviews and discussion within the MOD over the gravity of the gap introduced, so it is not really a surprise to hear that the Fuchs might be in for a resurrection.
I very much hope it does return, it would correct one of many errors made in the rushed SDSR, when the need to find quick, easy savings ruled supreme.
1st Royal Tank Regiment, having left the CBRN arena, is now engaged in a return to armoured warfare ahead of the merge with 2 RTR and the transformation in a single Type 56 Challenger 2 regiment in the Reaction Force. A Squadron is about to assume the 18-tanks structure envisaged as part of Army 2020, while the other squadrons are training to return to the Challenger 2, while also serving in exercises and experiments meant to refine the concepts of the new army organisation. Their flag is not planned to be lowered at Honington before next year, though, so one squadron still relatively "fresh" of work on the Fuchs could still be re-directed. Otherwise, the call might go out to the TA.
An armed MALE for us, please
It was in the air for quite some time, so the news that Dassault, EADS and Alenia are calling for the joint development of a new, european Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) unmanned vehicle is not surprising either.
This, in a way, signals the failure of the bilateral UK/France, BAE/Dassault "TELEMOS" program. After a very promising start, the bilateral program had very quickly ran aground, with France opening the door to the other european aerospace industries and, at the same time, delaying the actual launch of the program.
Expected to start already in the summer last year, now TELEMOS appears dead. The UK and BAE have been effectively sidelined, and now a choice will have to be made on wether to join in another european project; go alone, or buy US kit.
All four nations have requirements (more or less clear) for weapon-capable MALE vehicles. Three of them (UK, Italy and now France) have selected the Reaper. Germany is thinking about it.
Reaper is considered, more or less by everyone, an interim solution: in the UK it is still only a UOR, funded by Treasury funds that will dry up when operations in Afghanistan end.
The RAF's Reapers could survive if they are included in the forces that the UK will continue to maintain in Afghanistan after the end of combat operations. When Herrick 21 ends, in 2014/15, all remaining british activities in the country will be known under the collective name Op TORAL. Mainly, it will be about training and the already famed "Sandhurst in the sand" accademy for the preparation of afghan officers. However, it has already been suggested that the Reapers could also stay in Afghanistan, flown by pilots based in Waddington, to ensure the safety of the british personnel and to offer support to the ANA.
The other option is bringing the Reaper into the core defence budget, as an interim (or perhaps even definitive) solution to the Scavenger requirement. It has been suggested that, in this case, the Reapers would not be cleared to fly in british airspace, so they would be stored in their deployment containers and all training would be done with simulators (or in the US, as happens now). The RAF could accept the Reaper as a final solution because it has built a facility in Waddington for their control from UK soil, and it has received support to employ weapons from them. Indeed, the US are helping the UK integrating the Brimstone missile, to replace the Hellfire currently employed.
Italy did not consider the Reaper as an "interim" capability when it purchased them, but now it has changed its mind, because the US have turned down the request to provide weapons for the italian unmanned air vehicles.
France is ordering up to a dozen Reapers as well, but they will be strictly unarmed and flown from the US, so that they are considered only an interim stop-gap.
Interesting times ahead: decisions will have to be taken.
A new concept weapon from MBDA
MBDA has launched its Concept Weapon for the year 2013. The system this time is a vertical launch artillery missile, in two different variants, for use from ships and vehicle or even containerized launchers. The CVS 302 HOPLITE weapon system is formed by the HOPLITE L, weighting 135 kg and equipped with a multimode seeker and a boosted kinetic energy penetrator capable to defeat hardened targets, and by the HOPLITE S, a slightly lighter and simpler effect, with a simpler, non boosted kinetic energy penetrator and a LADAR (LAser raDAR) seeker.
The missiles are capable of flying at a maximum speed of over Mach 3, granting them devastating kinetic power on impact and allowing them to fly out to 70 km in less than two minutes, flying low under the radar horizon, or to 160 kilometers in around four minutes at high altitude.
The video shows the missiles fired by launch cells that resemble that of the CAMM air defence missile. In fact, a single Sylver VLS cell is shown filled with a HOPLITE quad-pack. The missile also appears to share the Cold Launch feature of the CAMM, as evidenced by the launch from the inside of a container and from the cargo flatbed of what appears to be a high mobility truck that very much reminds the Supacat platform originally intended for roles such as LIMAWS(G), LIMAWS(R) and FALCON.
The vehicle launcher is, again, remarkably similar to the CAMM vehicle launcher, with two independent blocks of missiles. The blocks are larger (8 missiles each instead of six) but otherwise identical, as appears identical the foldable, mast-mounted data link antenna.
HOPLITE launchers: vehicle, palletized / containerized and quad-packed in a ship's VLS cell
The HOPLITE itself is apparently just marginally bigger than CAMM (the HOPLITE L is 3,75 meters long, while the HOPLITE S is 3.2 meters long, around as much as CAMM). Probably it is just longer, but with the same diameter and, consequently, same canister size.
The concept is very interesting, but it is only a concept, and aimed "at the 2035". Every year MBDA launches a new concept, and this shows that good thinking is going on, but i would very much prefer to see a project adopted and brought forwards to actual delivery.
Anyway, i see with pleasure that the Cold Launch feature is being exploited in the way i suggested already long ago, to enable the use of new weapons and systems from vehicles, containers and, that is my proposal for CAMM in particular, from helicopter-mobile pallets. The Cold Launch, the sensor-agnostic nature of the new weapon, the data link employed to cue them, are crucial features that enable "artillery and air defence in a box", with a lot of firepower packed tightly into a palletized, stand-alone launcher that can be deployed on ships, lifted onto vehicles, or carried under slung from a helicopter from ship to shore, for example, to quickly deploy air defence missiles around a beach during amphibious operations or in other scenarios where quick solutions with limited logistic footprint are necessary. HOPLITE is a promising sign that the advantages of CAMM's features are not going to stay limited to the sole air defence weapon. Quite a lot of possibilities at easy reach!
